Guenter Grass, German Nobel literature prize winner and author of The Tin Drum, has died aged 87.
His publisher said he passed away at a clinic in the city of Luebeck.
Born in what was then Danzig, Grass served in the German military in World War Two and published his breakthrough anti-Nazi novel, The Tin Drum, in 1959.
Later in life he became a vocal opponent of German reunification in 1990, and argued afterwards that it had been carried out too hastily.
Grass’s home town became the Polish city of Gdansk after the war; he spent much of his later life living near Luebeck.
Many of his writings focussed on the Nazi era, the horrors of the war, and the destruction and guilt that remained after Germany’s defeat.
Germans were shocked when he revealed in his 2006 memoir Skinning the Onion that as a teenager he had volunteered to join the army and had served in the Waffen-SS.
Previous accounts of his life had suggested he had been an anti-aircraft gunner and had been conscripted into the military.
After the war he spent months in an American prisoner of war camp.
Grass went on to train as a stonemason and then studied sculpture, and he remained active in the visual arts. His first book of poetry was published in 1956.
The author was awarded the Nobel prize for literature in 1999, for portraying “the forgotten face of history”.
Praising The Tin Drum, The Nobel committee said that it was “as if German literature had been granted a new beginning after decades of linguistic and moral destruction”.
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